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Original Article
The current child and adolescent health screening system: an assessment and proposal for an early and periodic check-up program
Baik-Lin Eun, Jin Soo Moon, So-Hee Eun, Hea Kyoung Lee, Son Moon Shin, In Kyung Sung, Hee Jung Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):300-306.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Recent changes in the population structure of Korea, such as rapid decline in birth rate and exponential increase in old-aged people, prompted us to prepare a new health improvement program in children and adolescents. Methods : We reviewed current health screenings applied for children and adolescents in Korea and other developed countries. We collected and reviewed population-based data...
Case Report
Decreased heart sound in a healthy newborn: Spontaneous multiseptated cystic pneumomediastinum with delayed respiratory distress
Young June Choe, Eun eun Kim, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim, Jung-Eun Chun, Woo Sun Kim, In-One Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):244-247.   Published online February 15, 2010
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the absence of predisposing risk factors has been rarely observed in full-term neonates. A 3-day-old neonate, delivered vaginally at term without any perinatal complications or signs of respiratory difficulty, was referred to the Seoul National University Children’s Hospital because of reduced heart sound detected during routine neonatal examination. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed air collection in the...
High-dose caspofungin salvage in a very-low-birth-weight infant with refractory candidemia
Eun Sun Seo, Geun Hwa Park, Sung Mi Kim, Hye An Jung, Byoung Kuk Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):239-243.   Published online February 15, 2010
Candidiasis is one of the most common causes of late-onset infection among very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBW) in most neonatal intensive care units and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard therapy consists of the administration of amphotericin B, amphotericin B complex, and fluconazole. In many cases, candidiasis is not easily eradicated, despite the administration of these drugs. We report our...
Original Article
Clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants and preschool children
Kyoung Huh, Mi Kyeong Woo, Jung Rim Yoon, Gyu Hong Shin, Myoung Jae Chey, Mi Jung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):152-157.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Vitamin D deficiency rickets is a significant public health problem that results from insufficient exposure to sunlight and inadequate vitamin D supplementation. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants. Methods : Data of 35 infants diagnosed as vitamin D deficiency rickets at Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from March...
Long-term outcomes of infantile spasms
Seak Hee Oh, Eun-Hye Lee, Min-Hee Joung, Mi-Sun Yum, Tae-Sung Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):80-84.   Published online January 15, 2010
Purpose : The aims of this study were to investigate the long-term outcomes in children with infantile spasms (IS) and to identify the prognostic factors influencing their neurodevelopment. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated seventy two children over five years old who were treated for IS at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, between 1994 and 2007. Forty-three children were contacted by telephone...
Review Article
Enteral nutrition of the premature infant
Su Jin Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):7-13.   Published online January 15, 2010
Early nutritional support for preterm infants is critical because such support influences long-term outcome. Minimal enteral feeding should be initiated as soon as possible if an infant is stable and if feeding advancement is recommended as relevant to the clinical course. Maternal milk is the gold standard for enteral feeding, but fortification may be needed to achieve optimal growth in...
Original Article
Clinical experience of therapeutic effect of peritoneal drainage on intestinal perforation in preterm infants
Jun Seok Lee, Kyo Yeon Koo, Soon Min Lee, Min Soo Park, Kook In Park, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee, Seung Hoon Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1216-1220.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : To analyze and compare various cases in which peritoneal drainage was used as the primary treatment method in preterm infants with intestinal perforation. Methods : Among the preterm infants of less than 28 weeks of gestation who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the Gangnam Severance Hospital from April 2006 to April 2009, 7 who...
Magnetic resonance imagining findings of the white matter abnormalities in the brain of very-low-birth-weight infants
Jae Hyuk Choi, Young Pyo Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1127-1135.   Published online October 15, 2009
Purpose : To observe the abnormal white matter findings on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of very-low- birth-weight (VLBW) infant brains at term-equivalent age and to determine the clinical risk factors for the development of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Methods : In all, MRI was performed in 98 VLBW infants and the white matter abnormalities were observed. Clinical risk factors...
Case Report
Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in an extremely premature infant transmitted via breast milk: A case report
Ji Hye Kim, Eun-Jin Chung, Hyun Kyung Park, Soo Ji Moon, Su-Mi Choi, Sung Hee Oh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1053-1058.   Published online September 15, 2009
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most commonly encountered viral pathogens in newborn infants and is found in 0.3-2.4% of all live births. It has been demonstrated that 40-96% of seropositive mothers shed the virus via their breast milk. Breast milk containing CMV can cause almost one-third of CMV infections occurring in infants. A case of postnatal CMV infection in...
Original Article
Thyroid dysfunction in premature infants
Ki Bae Hong, Ji Yun Park, Young Pyo Chang, Jeesuk Yu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):991-998.   Published online September 15, 2009

Purpose:Thyroid hormone is essential for development of the brain in early life. Thyroid dysfunction is more common in the first 2-4 postnatal weeks of life in premature infants than in term infants. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and clinical course of thyroid dysfunction in prematurity. Methods:Premature infants admitted to and given neonatal screenings at Dankook University Hospital between...
Predictive factors for severe infection among febrile infants younger than three months of age
Eun Young Cho, Hwa Song, Ae Suk Kim, Sun Ju Lee, Dong Seok Lee, Doo Kwun Kim, Sung Min Choi, Kwan Lee, Byoung Chan Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):898-903.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:This study investigated the predictive factors for identifying infection-prone febrile infants younger than three months. Methods:We conducted a retrospective study of 167 infants younger than three months with an axillary temperature >38℃ who were hospitalized between 2006 and 2008. If they met any of the following criteria, positive blood culture, CSF WBC ≥ 11/mm3 or positive CSF culture, urinalysis WBC ≥6/HPF and positive...
Readmission of late preterm infants after discharge from nursery
Myo Jing Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):888-892.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:To evaluate the risk factors for hospital readmission during the neonatal period among late preterm infants who were discharged after nursery care. Methods:In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of 135 late preterm infants readmitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the neonatal period, after discharge from nursery of IL Sin Christian Hospital from January 2003 to December 2008. We compared...
Changes in the outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit at a single center over 12 years
Hyun-Hee Lee, Tae-Yeon Kim, Seon-Hee Shin, Tae-Jung Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):881-887.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:The survival rate of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) had increased as a result of advances in neonatal intensive care. We evaluated the changes in outcomes of VLBWI who admitted to the neonatal care unit of Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital. Methods:Retrospective review of 339 VLBWI who were born from 1st January 1997 to 31th December 2008 were performed. Outcomes including survival...
A study on the incidence of anemia according to feeding patterns and the status of weaning diet
Hyun Ji Kim, Mee Yong Shin, Sung Shin Kim, Jae Ock Park, Chang Hwi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):875-880.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:Iron-deficiency anemia remains the most common nutritional deficiency in young infants. This study aimed to survey the actual condition of feeding patterns and weaning diet and to study the association between these factors and the prevalence of anemia in infants aged over 9 months. Methods:We studied 171 infants aged 9-24 months who were hospitalized in the general ward with mild to moderate acute illnesses....
Ictal single-photon emission computed tomography with slow dye injection for determining primary epileptic foci in infantile spasms
Yun Jung Hur, Joon Soo Lee, Hoon Chul Kang, Hye Jung Park, Mi Jin Yun, Heung Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):804-810.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : We investigated whether ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with prolonged injection of technetium-99m (99mTc) ethyl cysteinate dimer during repeated spasms can localize the epileptogenic foci in children with infantile spasms. Methods : Fourteen children with infantile spasms (11 boys, 3 girls; mean age, 2.2¡¾1.3 years) were examined. When a cluster of spasms was detected during video electroencephalography (EEG)...
Assessment of children with developmental delay: Korean infant and child development test (KICDT) and Korean Bayley scale of infant development-II (K-BSID-II)
Ji-Hoon Kim, Mi-Sun Yum, Soo-Jin Jeong, Tae-Sung Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):772-777.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : We aimed to compare the effectiveness of 2 developmental tests-Korean Infant and Child Development Test (KICDT) and Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (K-BSID-II)-in the assessment of children with developmental delay. Methods : Twenty-eight children with suspected developmental delay, who visited the Department of Pediatrics in Asan Medical Center from February 2007 to June 2008 were enrolled. They were...
Clinical course and prognosis of hemodynamically significant congenital heart defects in very low birth weight infants
Hye Soo Yoo, Ji Eun Kim, Soo Kyoung Park, Hyun Ju Seo, Yoo Jin Jeong, Seo Heui Chio, Soo In Jeong, Sung Hoon Kim, Ji Hyuk Yang, June Huh, Yun Sil Chang, Tae Gook Jun, I Seok Kang, Won Soon Park, Pyo Won Park, Heung Jae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):481-487.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : This study investigated the clinical course and prognostic factor of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) with hemodynamically significant congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods : Medical records of 1,098 VLBWI with birth weight <1,500 g who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center from October 1994 to December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. The...
Correlaton between soluble transferrin receptor concentration and inflammatory markers
So Young Kim, Meong Hi Son, Jung suk Yeom, Ji sook Park, Eun Sil Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Jae-Young Lim, Chan-Hoo Park, Hyang-Ok Woo, Hee-Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):435-440.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : The concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is estimated as an iron parameter to evaluate erythropoiesis and iron status. The aim of our study is to evaluate the correlation between sTfR concentration and inflammatory parameters and to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from anemia of inflammation. Methods : One hundred and forty-four infants younger than two years of age who...
Factors affecting the contamination of bag urine culture in febrile children under two years
Wook Hyun Choi, In Seok Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):346-350.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : Since children under two years with suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) cannot control urination, urine cultures in such children are usually performed via urine bags. This method is noninvasive but has a high contamination rate. We studied the contamination rate of bag urine culture in diagnosing UTI in infants under two years and the factors responsible for contamination. Methods...
Short-term clinical outcomes of late preterm infants
Ji Youn Na, Narimi Park, Eun Sun Kim, Jin-A Lee, Gyu Hong Shim, Jin-A Lee, Chang Won Choi, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim, Beyong Il Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):303-309.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : To identify the short-term clinical outcomes of late preterm infants and to test the hypothesis that late preterm infants have more clinical problems during the early postnatal period than term infants. Methods : One hundred late preterm infants [gestational age (GA) 34+0-36+6 weeks] and the same number of term infants (GA 37+0-41+6 weeks) were randomly selected from 289 late...
Gastrointestinal surgery in very low birth weight infants : Clinical characteristics
Ji Eun Kim, Hye Soo Yoo, Hea Eun Kim, Soo Kyoung Park, Yoo Jin Jeong, Seo Heui Choi,, Hyun Joo Seo, Yun Sil Chang, Jeong Meen Seo, Won Soon Park, Suk Koo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):295-302.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : To report our experience of gastrointestinal (GI) operations (OP) performed in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and to evaluate their clinical characteristics. Methods : Among the 1,117 VLBWI admitted to the SMC neonatal intensive care unit from November 1994 to February 2007, the medical records of 37 infants who underwent GI OP (except inguinal hernia OP) and 1,080...
The association between serum IGF-1 and neonatal growth and disease in a NICU
Jung Ok Kim, Hae Ri Lim, Heng Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):176-180.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : The objective of this study was to establish the serum IGF-1 level in newborn infants, and investigate its association with growth and diseases. Methods : In a retrospective study, serum IGF-1 levels were measured for newborn infants admitted to NICU at Kyungpook University Hospital from March 2007 to July 2007. Birth data, disease history, and hospital course were...
Review Article
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight infants in Korea, 1984-2008
In Kyung Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):14-21.   Published online January 15, 2009
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) in Korea on 14 reports from 1984 to 2008 were analyzed. Follow-up rates were varied from 42.9% to 90.2%. Duration of follow-up ranged from 4 months to 5 years. The prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) of VLBWI was as follows: 4.3-5.3% in 1980s, 7.1-9.1...
Case Report
A case of herpes zoster in a 4-month-old infant
Ji Hyun Kim, Jung Ju Lee, Sin Weon Yun, Soo Ahn Chae, In Seok Lim, Dong Keun Lee, Eung Sang Choi, Byoung Hoon Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1368-1371.   Published online December 15, 2008
Herpes zoster in infancy is very rare but can be developed following intrauterine or postnatal exposure to varicella zoster virus. We report a case of herpes zoster in a 4-month-old male infant. He had no prior history of primary varicella or varicella vaccination. His mother had no history of varicella infection and no contact history with varicella during pregnancy. He...
Original Article
Epidemiologic study of Kawasaki disease in 6 months old and younger infants
Yong Won Park, Ji Whan Han, In Sook Park, Chang Hwi Kim, Sung Ho Cha, Jae Sook Ma, Joon Sung Lee, Tae Chan Kwon, Sang Bum Lee, Chul Ho Kim, Heung Jae Lee, Yong Soo Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1320-1323.   Published online December 15, 2008
Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic status of Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants ≤6 months of age. Methods : For the epidemiologic study of KD in Korea, data from 22,674 KD patients were collected from 1997 to 2005 on a 3-year basis by a retrospective survey. From this survey, data of 1,739 KD patients ≤6...
Periventricular leukomalacia induced by in utero clamping of pregnant rat aorta in fetal rats
Yun Sil Chang, Dong Kyung Sung, Saem Kang, Soo Kyung Park, Yu Jin Jung, Hyun Joo Seo, Seo Heui Choi, Won Soon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):874-878.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : This study was undertaken to develop an animal model of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) induced by in utero clamping of pregnant rat aorta in fetal rats. Methods : A timed pregnanct Sprague-Dawley rat on embryonic day 21 just prior to delivery was sedated and anesthetized, and a Harvard ventilator for small animals was applied. Following laparotomy, the maternal aorta was...
A comparative study on iron deficiency anemia based on feeding patterns of nine-month-old infants
Hyun Jin Yun, Eun Jeong Choi, Eun Jin Choi, Su Young Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):820-826.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate the red cell indices and frequency of iron deficiency anemia based on the feeding patterns of nine-month-old infants. Methods : Blood tests were performed on 253 nine-month-old infants, who visited Il Sin Christian Hospital for health check- ups from January to December 2007. Their parents answered telephonic questions regarding their feeding patterns...
Relationship between cord blood level of IL-12 in preterm newborns and development of wheezing
Hyo Jung Yu, Eun Ae Park, Ji Young Kim, Soo Jin Cho, Young Ju Kim, Hye Sook Park, Eun Hee Ha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):754-759.   Published online July 15, 2008
Purpose : Abnormal activation patterns of Th1/Th2-cells have been suggested to increase the prevalence of allergic diseases. Prevention is regarded as an important corner stone in the management of allergic diseases. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between cord blood levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12 in preterm newborns and the development of allergic respiratory diseases in infancy Methods...
Growth and clinical efficacy of fortified human milk and premature formula on very low birth weight infants
Heewon Chueh, Myo Jing Kim, Young-A Lee, Jin-A Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):704-712.   Published online July 15, 2008
Purpose : A prospective, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate growth, efficacy, safety and nutritional status for very low birth weight infants fed with human milk fortified with Maeil human milk fortifier (Maeil HMF ; Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd.). Methods : We enrolled 45 premature infants with a birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age <33 weeks, who were born at...
Case Report
A case of Menkes disease with unusual hepatomegaly
Go Un Jeong, Anna Cho, Hee Hwang, Yong Seung Hwang, Ki Joong Kim, Jong Hee Chae, Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(5):538-541.   Published online May 15, 2008
Menkes disease is an X-linked recessive copper transport disorder characterized by neurological deterioration, connective- tissue damage, and abnormal hair growth. It is caused by the mutation of the ATP7A gene. This report describes a four- month-old boy with neurological symptoms typical of Menkes disease plus unusual liver involvement. He developed seizures at three months of age and exhibited hypotonia, cephalhematoma,...
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